Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report Essay Example

Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report Essay (India) Ltd. is one of the most outstanding public enterprises in the country today. It is one of the â€Å"NAVRATNA ENTERPRISES† and ranks among the top five companies in India. It is India’s flagship natural gas company, integrated all aspects of the natural gas value chain (including Exploration and Production, Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services. In a rapidly changing scenario, XYZ COMPANY (India) is spearheading the move to a new era of clean fuel industrialization, creating a quadrilateral of green energy corridors that connect major consumption centres in India with major gas fields, LNG terminals and other cross border gas sourcing points. XYZ COMPANY is also expanding its business to become a player in International market has completed nearly two and half decades of an eventful journey. Starting with a natural gas transmission company, it is today an integrated energy company along the natural gas value chain with global footprints. Having started as a gas transmission company during the late eighties, it grew organically over the years by building a large network of natural gas trunk pipelines covering a length of around 7000 Km. Today, XYZ Company has interests in the business of natural gas, LPG, liquid hydrocarbons and petrochemicals, the latter being value added products. The company has also entered in telecom sector by leasing bandwidth available through the OFC which is laid along the gas pipelines for their operations and maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer XYZ COMPANY has also diversified into exploration and production, city gas distribution and is steadily developing an overseas presence etc. XYZ COMPANY is one of the leading public enterprises with a consistently excellent financial track record. Turnover during the last ten years has shown a compounded annual growth rate of 13 percent. The company recorded a turnover of Rs 180. 08 billion and a profit after tax of Rs. 26. 01 billion in FY 2007-08. The Company has also received authorization from the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas to lay 5 new pipelines and in addition, augmentation of 3 existing pipelines is also being taken up. This will lead to doubling of pipelines length and transmission capacity in the next 4 to 5 years. VISION- Be a leading company in natural gas and beyond, with global focus, committed to customer care, value creation for all stakeholders and environmental responsibility. MISSION- Accelerating and optimizing the effective and economic use of natural gas and its fractions to the benefit of national economy. MAJOR BUSINESS SEGMENTS †¢ Natural gas †¢ Petrochemicals †¢ Exploration and production †¢ LPG and other Liquid hydrocarbons †¢ Telecommunication HISTORY OF THE ORGANISATION XYZ COMPANY (India) Ltd. India’s principal gas transmission and marketing company, was set up by the Government Of India in August 1984 to create gas sector infrastructure for sustained development of the natural gas sector in the country. The 2800 Kms Hazira-Vijaipur (HVJ) pipeline became operational in 1991. During 1991-1993, three LPG plants were constructed and some regional pi pelines acquired, enabling XYZ COMPANY to begin its regional gas distribution in various parts of India. XYZ COMPANY began its city gas distribution in Delhi in 1997 by setting up nine CNG stations, catering to the city’s vast public transport fleet. In 1999, XYZ COMPANY set up northern India’s only petrochemical plant in Pata. XYZ COMPANY became the first infrastructural provider category II Licensee and signed the country’s first service level agreement for leasing bandwidth in the Delhi-Vijaipur in 2001, through its telecom business XYZ COMPANYTEL. In 2001, XYZ COMPANY commissioned worlds longest and India first cross country LPG Transmission Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni. XYZ COMPANY today has reached new milestone with its strategic diversification into Petrochemicals, Telecom and Liquid hydrocarbons besides gas infrastructure. The company has also extended its presence in Power, Liquefied Natural Gas re-gasification, city gas distribution and exploration Production through equity and joint ventures participations. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: †¢ XYZ COMPANY (India) LIMITED is the country’s largest gas transmission company in India with 88% market share. Through that XYZ Company acts as a single gas transmission company, and taking the leverage through this dominance. †¢ XYZ COMPANY (India) LIMITED currently owns and operates around 58% of the total onshore pipeline network, which shows its potency. XYZ COMPANY is present in complete value chain of Gas business, through transmission, gas processing to marketing. †¢ XYZ Company (India) has signed a technology license agreement with Mitsui Chemicals for a second high-density polyethylene (hdPE) plant at its Pata petrochemical complex in Uttar Pradesh, India. †¢ Vertical integration in complete Gas business leading to cost reduction. â € ¢ XYZ COMPANY is dominating player in natural gas trading. Through 85% market share XYZ Company is showing its control in the market. †¢ Major petrochemicals involvement is also showing its strength. Strong Revenue Growth (turnover of Rs. 18,008 Crores in FY 2007-08, a 12% increase, as against Net Sales of Rs. 16,047 Crores in the previous year) †¢ XYZ COMPANY is going global in exploration business, company is growing in all its business segments †¢ Controls gas transmission infrastructure for example: Pipe lines. †¢ Share of LNG import projects and strong and Diversified Asset Portfolio Weakness: †¢ The biggest problem which is faced by XYZ COMPANY is â€Å"High Subsidy burden† which is reducing LPG realization. †¢ XYZ Company has to accept all rules and regulation of government. There is no tax benefit with respect to Section 80IA since Demerger is delayed. †¢ XYZ COMPANY has less visibility over the contracts for new expansions in tr ansmission business. †¢ XYZ Company has very limited financial or operational freedom as a government undertaking. †¢ Cost and efficiency disadvantages †¢ Lack of upstream gas exposure †¢ Limited Exposure to Global Markets †¢ Weak Capital Returns Opportunities: †¢ XYZ COMPANY finds huge gas in KG and Mahanadi basin increasing the availability of natural gas. †¢ Petrochemical industry expected to grow at CAGR of 17% over a period of 3 years. This growth needs petrochemicals capacity expansion. The overall gas production is set to double within 3 to 4 years thus demand meeting the supply . This may result in government deregulating the natural gas prices. †¢ Leveraging pipelines for Telecom. †¢ Entering into exploration business, which is going to boost the realization. †¢ Potential for efficiency gains †¢ Transmission system upgrading/expansion †¢ Strong domestic energy demand growth. †¢ Increasing Demand for LNG †¢ Expanding Indian Natural Gas Market Threats: †¢ Rise in natural gas prices can lead to reduction in margin in petrochemical business. The main problem is that the price of gas is regulated by the government. Domestic marketing makes the company subject to threat of subsidy burden and pricing policies of petroleum ministry. †¢ Petrochemical prices may go down in the next two years on account of capacity additions in the industries. †¢ Rising investment requirement for new upcoming project. †¢ Changes in national energy policy. †¢ Intense Domestic Competition. †¢ Shift to Alternative Sources of Energy like hydro energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, thermal energy. †¢ Fluctuation in Gas and Petrochemical Prices. Business Segments †¢Gas Transmission †¢Gas Trading †¢Liquid Hydrocarbons †¢Petrochemicals †¢LPG Transmission †¢XYZ COMPANYTEL †¢EP †¢Power CORPORATE STRATEGY The company has developed a Strategic Plan for the period 2007-12. The goal set by the company includes doubling of its bottom line by the year 2011-12. The strategy developed to realize the set goals is as under: ? Gas Sourcing Marketing: Tying- up with producers and suppliers for marketing and transmission of natural gas on long term and sustainable basis. This is being realized by securing more gas from various producers, thereby increasing transmission and marketing volumes. ?Gas Transmission: Expanding of pipeline infrastructure from 7,850 km to about 12,000 km with the laying of new pipelines by 2011 -12. For achieving this, execution of various new pipelines at a cost of around Rs. 30,000 crores is in progress. ?City Gas: Pursuing of City Gas distribution opportunities in various parts of the country. This requires introduction of Compressed Natural Gas for the automotive sector and Piped Natural Gas for commercial and domestic use in more number of cities in a phased manner. The same is being realized by participating in PNGRBs bidding process for various cities and executing city gas projects in those cities. Petrochemicals: In the area of Petrochemicals business, the company is examining possible options for expansion of its Petrochemical Complex at Pata and is exploring green field participation in new ventures in India and abroad. For achieving this, expansion of Petrochemical Complex at Pata is being carried out in phases and participation in new field ventures is being undertaken through equity stake, while also exploring new ventures through JV route. ?EP: The company also pl ans to strengthen EP capability and resources to participate as a major partner / operator in Domestic EP/ CBM bidding. This would help in developing EP as a self-sustainable business for augmenting additional supplies of natural gas. For this, investments are being made in both domestic on-land and off-shore fields, with a balanced portfolio of developmental and exploratory projects. ?Globalization: On the globalization front, the plan of the company is to focus on areas having synergy with the existing businesses by entering into new and emerging gas rich countries with focus on sourcing of gas and participation in downstream activities. Structure and Systems Functional Structure The structure and reporting in the company is functional. The functions under each Director are clearly defined. Directors are Government of India appointees under a five year contract. Systems Employees below company â€Å"Directors† are on XYZ COMPANY’s payroll. Employees under various functions are located all over India and work under Executive Director, General Manager or employee in charge of the facility (gas compressing/ distributing station or petrochemical plant). Right now each facility of XYZ COMPANY is under a General Manager. This GM is from OM (operations and management) if the project is established one, otherwise it is under GM from PE (projects and execution). Once a project is up and running or commissioned it is handed over to OM group. To finish a project or to run and maintain a project employees with various functions come together. They are assigned their roles by their functional heads and report to the same. The functional heads then report to OIC or Officer in Charge. Following is the organogram of BCPL, Brahmaputra Cracker Petroleum Limited, a joint venture a JV between the Government of Assam, XYZ COMPANY(I) Ltd. OIL (India) Ltd. NRL with XYZ COMPANY(I) Ltd. as main promoter (70% stake). Following is the pyramid under the functional directors. A recruit usually starts with title of GET or Graduate Engineer Trainee. Recruitment is usually done through campus placements or all India entrance examinations announced in newspapers and website. This procedure is highly selective. XYZ COMPANY onl y goes to IITs for its campus placements. A GET remains on probation for a year and thereafter assumes designation of â€Å"Engineer†. Subsequent promotions are scheduled after 3 years. This duration increases with the pyramid. XYZ COMPANY is a public sector undertaking where jobs are secure and structure hierarchical, with pay packets are larger than any other government employee at comparable designation, designations and titles are key motivator. Promotions are based on CRs (Confidential Reports) filled by direct superiors. This makes designations even more important. Promotions in practice are influenced greatly by factors other than pure performance. Culture The culture of the company is that of a private firm, zero absenteeism, employees take ownership of their work, project execution is efficient and tendering is transparent. This company has a very small workforce compared to its huge profits. Most of its business is of gas transmission which after setup needs low workforce for maintenance. Employees say that they feel motivated to work for XYZ COMPANY because it is the best paymaster around. Still 2300 officers went on an indefinite strike on 7th January 2009 ignoring the appeals of then XYZ COMPANY India Chairman U D Choubey along with executives from 14 public sector oil firms who form Oil Sector Officers Association. When we explored reasons XYZ COMPANY officers explained that they were not given their due in the revised pay structure under 6th pay commission. Oil Sector Officers Association sought to bridge the gap between the wages offered by the private sector and public sector oil companies, seeking an over four-fold increase in the basic salary of entry level officials and almost 11-fold increase in salaries of the board-level directors. XYZ COMPANY officials say it was needed because private sector is now poaching its employees with promise of higher salaries. XYZ COMPANY employees went on strike with the employees from other oil sector companies to show their support against the common enemy. Employees at XYZ COMPANY are treated well. They receive perks such as excellent medicare, fast soft loans for homes, automobiles and consumer durables, petrol and mobile expenses etc. Employees say perks are way better than with any other oil firm. XYZ COMPANY also grants considerable funds for social events on festivals and casual family get together are a norm. XYZ COMPANY colonies provide excellent living environment for families of its employees with well developed sports facilities and shopping centres. This integrates social life of the family with office of the employee, eases stress at job and creates a better work life balance. This instils a sense of belonging in employees. Employees feel ownership in company’s aspirations and challenges. XYZ COMPANY was rated as one of the Best Employers in India by Hewitt Associates in 2004 and was adjudged as an Organization with Innovative HR Practices by HT Power Jobs. If compared to private sector companies in this sector pay packages and perks may fall short but XYZ COMPANY makes up for it by providing employees with less stressed work environment. Employees at XYZ COMPANY feel a sense of pride in working for a government company. Employees have returned from private companies stating that they feel stressed after compromising their ethics at work. The best XYZ COMPANY could do for it was to remain a lean organization; it has outsourced most of its work while keeping its core competence of efficient OM (operations and management) and PE (project execution) capabilities while other PSU in the sector feel the hang of enormous work force.

What are the Implications of the Different Types of Audio Me essays

What are the Implications of the Different Types of Audio Me essays The audio industry has evolved quite quickly over the past few decades. The record and the eight-track were quickly out dated by the cassette tape. Yet the cassette tape was quickly replaced by the ever-famous compact disc. Now, the compact disc seems to begin to be possibly replaced by many new forms of audio media. There are so many different amazing types of audio media on the market today that it is hard to distinguish the differences between them when it comes to sound quality, versatility, convenience, and price. In the early eighties, cassette tapes were a smash hit. They were a huge step up for the bulky LPs and eight tracks of the previous decade. For those who are unaware of an LP is, it is a vinyl record. People had tape players all over the place with towers upon towers of tapes. They had them in their cars, on their hips, in their homes, and even at their places of employment. You could listen to virtually anyone you wanted to anywhere you wanted to. This was thought to be the best audio invention of the century. Little did consumers know that audio specialists were working hard in their laboratories to create a media as round as a roll of toilet paper, the compact disc. This item was to contain what is called digital audio. If you were born in or before the eighties, you know that the word digital was a very technical, futuristic term. Consumers would be able to seek to their favorite track instantly without having to stop to check if the tape had reached or passed the poi nt they were looking for. Nor would they ever have to turn a CD over after having listened to the first half of the album. According to Larry Klein of Electronics Now, the compact disc was officially introduced in 1983. The cost of CDs has not fallen greatly over the past twenty years. They originally sold for about fifteen to twenty dollars (Klein). When first introduced, CDs were predicted to be a very hot item on ...

Common Law Case and Civil Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Common Law Case and Civil Case - Essay Example â€Å"Company directors and senior employees to whom the board of directors has delegated managerial duties have a fiduciary relationship with the company. All directors and any person occupying the position of director by whatever name called or persons who purport to act as such are still regarded as directors, whether or not they are designated or otherwise described as a company director, are required to act in good faith in the interests of the company, to act for proper purposes and to avoid conflicts of interest and duties and also not to delegate powers except with proper authorisation. They also have the duty of care and still 6†. To some extent, the case of Green vs.Bestobell Industries Ltd can be said to that one of lifting the corporate veil. The company’s operation and its corporate entity were not considered simply cause of the acts of directors who acted arbitrarily. The principle of the separate entity was not aptly taken into consideration in order to safeguard the interests of the company. A director who acts even though for the the interest of the company but then without the powers bestowed upon him, the principle of separate entity need to be invoked for the sole purpose of protecting the corporate. The difference between Gilford Motor Co.Ltd vs. Horne and Shangai Kiangdong Equipment Ltd vs. Xu In Gilford Motor Company the director signed an agreement with the company Gilford Motor that while employment and after employment that he shall not solicit the customers of the company. But upon exit from the company, the former director went as far dishonoring in agreement with the company. The court ruled he was bound by the agreement. Even though the doctrine of separate legal entity was not properly followed because an individual and the company are different people as long as Mr. Horne was operating for the interest of the company, there was an apparent need for the honorable court to lift the corporate veil and observe behind the veil in order to have the directors answerable for the acts done allegedly on behalf of the company.

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Questions - Assignment Example If it were not for the allowance of the comments, the verdict would not be the same in the case. The police would not police violate a suspect’s Fourth Amendment rights against unlawful search and seizure by secretly placing a GPS tracking device on the suspect’s car for an extended time without first securing a warrant to do so. The warrant should be for a good cause and backed by an oath with description of what to be searched. The constitution is not clear on what extend the public nudity scope is. This is the constitutional challenge on this case. In the case of T See City of Erie v. Pap’s A.M., 529 U, the owners of Kandyland should not be held liable since there is constitutional space for debate. This should be an opportunity for setting the debate straight. This is backed by the 5th amendment of the bill of rights, where no person shall be held to answer to infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger (McDams

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Management - Essay Example There are various strategic management models and they are chosen according to their suitability in meeting a company’s goals. These models are chosen for the purpose of formulating and implementing strategic management plans for a company. There exists no universal strategic management model that can suit any business, so it necessitates companies to adopt an existing model and modify it to suit their requirements. A basic strategic management model focuses on the company’s mission, objectives, situational analysis, strategy formulation, application and its control. The company’s external environment presents a potential market whose only limitation is lack of information regarding the products they offer (White 365). Natural Grocers’ products lack sufficient exposure in their potential market because of ignorance. The Natural Grocers has over the years cultivated an invaluable personnel attitude of belief in the company’s objectives and long-term goals. Personalization of a company’s principles by its employees enables the company to be seen from a different perspective by the market it serves. This has helped strengthened the company’s position in the community and market. The existing and potential company’s client base is faced with the challenge of ignorance in the general population about the benefits posed by the company’s objectives. The firm’s current mission is to expand its reach by increasing the number of branches from 200 to 2000 branches countrywide. This mission is good because it will ensure there are increased sales, which will help the company deal with the ever-increasing competition in their commodities market. Natural grocers by Vitamin Cottage can adopt an alternative or generic strategy that could be as useful as their branch expansion mission could. The company can instead embark on increasing and expanding its products’

Characteristics and Properties of Titanium dioxide

Characteristics and Properties of Titanium dioxide MANOJNA EDARA TITANIUM DIOXIDE   Ã‚   History: Titanium dioxide Characterization: Bright unmistakable ideology and the scope of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are as follows. The UV-Visible maintenance scope of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was sifted in the region of 200 and 700nm. The ingestion of this is most extraordinary occurs at 340nm and this is the thing that it exhibits a band opening estimation of 3.6 eV.DRS ultra violet-Visible spectrum. The DRS-UV-Visible supernatural examination of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was done in the region of in the middle of 200 and 700nm.The plot of absorbance verses wave length is can be watched. The range portrays increase in absorbance just underneath 400nm and the reason is of band hole excitation. By taking 350nm as the onset of absorbance the band gap regard was figured to be 3.5eV. The band gap regard is dependable with that of Ultra Violet Visible ingestion scope of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Sharp absorbance lines underneath 250nm are the reason due to this titanium dioxide nanoparticles and of size gener ously very littler than those fascinating around 350nm. This is the image of amorphous titanium dioxide. Structure and synthesis: For a physical approach, the metallic nanoparticles can be generally fused by evaporation condensation, which could be finished by using a tube warmer at barometrical weight. In any case, by virtue of using a tube warmer at air weight there are a couple burdens, for instance, a gigantic space of tube radiator, unfathomable use imperativeness for raising the regular temperature around the source material and an impressive measure of time for fulfilling warm robustness. In this way, unique techniques for mix of Ag nanoparticles in perspective of the physical approach have been delivered and in the combination of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Titanium tetra isopropoxide   was utilized as an antecedent and was blended with hcl, ethanol and deionized water mixture, stirred for 60 minutes, which   pH scope of 1.5.Amount of around 10ml of deionized water was added to the above blend and it was mixed for almost 2 hours at room temperature and at last the arrangement was dried at temper ature and the powder was warmed at 120 degree for 60 minutes and the crystalline character of titanium dioxide was checked by electron diffraction. The electron diffraction configuration exhibits that the cases are made out of an a crystalline shape. Because of the example tio2: Ag diffuse rings in diffraction illustration are evident The diffraction case of the crystalline example tio2:Ag0 certifies its anatase outline .Results procured by electron diffraction relate with the Xray diffraction comes to fruition and the x beam diffraction of the shapeless and crystalline titanium dioxide doped with silver (tio2:Ag0 and TiO2a:Ag0) a. All appearance in the diffraction cases of titanium dioxide were recognized as they are having a place with anatase and in the case of the vague titanium dioxide, no reflections are viewed. In any case, practically identical as in, there are no obvious apexes exhibiting the closeness of silver in the xray diffraction of the silver doped titania tests. It probably comes to fruition due to minimal size of silver nanoparticles which are under 5nm and its low substance which is underneath 2 percent and conversely with Chao et al. titanium dioxide powder calcined starting at now at 400 °C is especially cemented. The mass touchy X-beam diffraction examples were made to brought with Philips XPer diffractometer at a room temperature utilizing monochromatic excitation and the estimations were taken under pillar increasing speed conditions and even though the surface delicate X-beam photoelectron spectroscopy estimations were performed under ultra-high vacuum condition and in a frame work that shows a base weight. Keeping in mind the final result to concentrate the synthetic condition of titanium and oxygen in the nanoparticles we utilized a standard non-monochromatized X-beam source and a VG Clam 4 electron spectrometer. The spectra were redressed for X-beam satellites and optional electron foundation preceding examination. Filtering elect ron microscopy pictures of similar examples were recorded with a LED magnifying lens utilizing an electron bar vitality of 15 keV and a shaft current of 2.62 A. This is the x- ray diffraction pattern of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Properties: The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles decide both their destiny in the earth and their valuable and destructive impacts. Despite the fact that the span of the nanoparticles can be the most recognizing property when contrasted with ordinary particles, other special physical and compound properties start to rise as particles approach the nanoscale extend. Therefore, Auffan propose that under a basic size, it is unrealistic to just scale the properties of mass materials in view of the surface range to anticipate the properties of nanoparticles. Different researchers concur that albeit some material properties, similar to substance creation and gem structure, are the same on the nanoscale as in the mass stage, different properties vary †¦ a nanoparticle holds properties of both materials in the mass stage and sub-atomic forerunners. Undoubtedly a few reviews bolster these affirmations and in any case, different analysts have found that inspite of the way that the physicoch emical properties contrast, the impacts of nano silver can be like those delivered by traditional ionic silver. These varying discoveries drove the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Scientific Advisory Panel to infer that comparison of physicochemical properties of the nano mass materials are required. Exactly which physiochemical properties of designed nanoparticles, including nano Ag, can be helpful for foreseeing their conduct and collaborations in nature is indistinct. A few associations and autonomous scientists have distributed proposals on the physicochemical portrayal information that ought to go with research discoveries on transport, change, and destiny forms and biological and human poisonous quality. These suggestions depend on a combination of distributed, companion surveyed ponders on the conduct and impacts of nanoparticles, however the prescribed properties fluctuate by association and scientist. A portion of the suggestions with respect to portraya l some time recently, amid, and after danger studies are further depicted in Section 6.1.1. All in all, the most endorsed physicochemical properties include:   Ã‚   †¢ Size, including bunching inclinations. †¢ Morphology, including shape and precious stone structure. †¢ Surface range; †¢ Chemical piece; †¢ Surface science and reactivity; †¢ Solubility; and †¢ Conductive, attractive, and optical properties. Advantages: The ability to rot a broad assortment of possible characteristic toxic substances and NOx gasses consolidated with an especially adaptable era handle that engages the control over titanium dioxide nanoparticle pearl structure, atom size and crystallinity which gives   the variable courses of action as tailorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ made materials for a given issue or application our customers may experience thus far our titanium dioxide photograph impetuses have been adequately striven for the going with applications: these are for various improvement materials like strong, strong tiles, stoneware tiles, housetop tiles, as an additional substance or as a thin layer. The last improvement materials show a high photocatalytic affect, which enables normal toxin departure and NOx gas removal for various responses for the remediation of polluted air made by warm power stations and significant movement for remediation of mechanical waste water defiled by specific common fragments seeks hydrophilic and photo catalytically dynamic thin layers on various substrates like glass easy-to-clean surfaces. Titanium dioxide in arrangement or suspension can be utilized to sever protein that contains the amino corrosive proline at the site where proline is available. Because of the critical ionic and electronic conduction of Titanium dioxide, it is intense to be utilized as the blended conductor. Disadvantages: This can experience a substance response in sunlight and research uncovered that titanium dioxide got from rutile which is a reddish brown colored mineral which had titanium dioxide and was less hurtful than titanium dioxide got from anatase which is used as pigments in paints, the same as covered titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide is to a great degree viable in reflecting light, making it a breathtaking white color. This is normally extremely helpful on the off chance that you need to make a splendid white toothpaste. Having reflecting properties its great light make it viable as a sun filter. The blend of daylight, water and titanium in nano-frame makes hydroxyl radicals and these assault the covering of the rooftop. This outcomes in quickly maturing rooftops which ought to keep going for a considerable length of time. Uses: The capacity to break down an extensive variety of conceivable natural poisons and NOx gasses combined with an exceedingly adaptable creation which   prepares that empowers the control over Titanium dioxide nanoparticle precious stone structure, molecule size and crystallinity that gives the variable arrangements as tailorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ made materials for a given issue or application our clients may experience. Titanium dioxide photo catalysts have been effectively tried for the accompanying applications: For different development materials such as solid tiles, earthenware tiles, rooftop tiles in the type of an added substance or as a thin layer. The last development materials display like a high photocatalytic impact, which empowers natural poison expulsion and NOx gas evacuation for different answers for the remediation of dirtied air created by warm power stations and   unexpected overwhelming movement . for treatment of modern waste water which was   contaminated by particular natural segments for hydrophilic and photo catalytically dynamic thin layers on different substrates which were easy to clean like glass. This figure(a) shows the photo catalysts for air remediation by adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles in roof or concrete tiles. Environmental impacts: It was affirmed that the assessed titanium dioxide nanoparticles, utilized at a focus up to 25% as an UV channel in sunscreens, can be viewed as safe for people after application on a solid, in place or sunburnt skin. Marking of the restorative items may not demonstrate this focus on the bundle, but the security appraisal depends on the current logical information, which demonstrates that neither titanium dioxide in Nano frame nor in non-nano shape enters through the skin. While titanium dioxide itself is a valuable, non-poisonous compound, titanium waste is to a great degree acidic and its transfer techniques which lead to a lot of various ecological issues. For example in a case, Most beach front generation plants utilizing the sulfate procedure dump a lot of sulfuric corrosive into the North Sea. Although the soluble ocean water cushions and kills the weaken acidic waste, dumping sulfuric corrosive causes a sudden drop in the pH estimation of the getting water and decreases the ox ygen substance of the water, consequently this process leads in destroying of marine life. References: Ireland, J.C. et. al. Inactivation of Escheria coli  by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Oxidation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Ireland, J.C†¦ et. al. Inactivation of Escheria coli by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Oxidation. . Li SQ, Zhu RR, Zhu H..,, Xue M, Sun XY, et al†¦. Nanotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to erythrocyte in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46:3626-3631. Buzea C,†¦. Pacheco II, Robbie K. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity. Biointerphases. 2007;2:17-71 Zhao J, Bowman L, Zhang X, Vallyathan V, Young SH, et al†¦.. Titanium dioxide (TiO2). J Toxicol Environ Health A. Panigrahi S, Basak D. Core-she,,.,ll [emailprotected] ZnO nanorods for efficient ultraviolet photodetection. Nanoscale Yoo K-C, Yoon C-H, Kwon D, Hyun K-H, Woo,.,., SJ, et al. Titanium dioxide. Liao D, Badour C, Liao B.,.,. Preparation of nanosized TiO2/ZnO composite catalyst and J photochem photobiol A Chem www.nanopartikel.info/en/nanoinfo/materials/titanium-dioxide/overview copublications.greenfacts.org/en/titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles/ Zhao.. C, Deng H, Li Y, Liu Z. Photodegradation of oxytetracycline in aqueous by 5A and 13X loaded with TiO2 under UV irradiation. ..,J Hazard Mater. Moon J, Yun CY, ..Chung K-W, Kang M-S, Yi J. Photocatalytic activation of TiO2 under visible light using Acid Red 44†¦ Catalysis Today. Zhang J, Wages M, Cox SB, Maul JD, Li Y, et al. Effect of titanium dioxide nanomaterials.

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortion gives the mother an option not to have a baby if she doesn’t chooses not to have one. In some cases, abortions can save the life of the mother. Poor families greatly benefit from abortions. For those still in school, abortions give teenagers a normal life, and would help them succeed in school. These are reasons why abortions are good for the American Society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortions can save the life of the woman because a baby could cause a great health risk to the mother. This risk involves death, or permanent damage to the female. An abortion should be performed at this point because the death of a fetus is better than the death of the mother. A woman is a full person, while the fetus is not. Once the fetus has been removed, and there’s no more risk to the mother. Then, she can try an have another baby if she wishes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poor women are more likely to have more abortions than that of the middle, or upper class. Poor women don’t have the financial means to take care of the child, therefore abortions would help them. Also, a lot of the poor women already have children to take of, and adding one more would greatly burden the already financially troubled parent. Again, allowing them to have an abortion would help them. Once the fetus has been aborted, then the parents can concentrate on their other children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenagers are more affected by having a baby these days than it would have been 100 years ago. There are more responsibilities for the average teenager, they have to study, work, and go to school for an entire day. This leaves almost no time to take care of a child. Also, the teenager would have to most likely support the child by herself. This alone is a greater responsibility than anything in her life. All her time would be put into taking care of the child, that she would have almost no time to study. The consequence of this is the teen dropping out of school, and not even getting a high school diploma or finishing her year in college. Without a high school diploma, the likeliness of the teen finding a job that offers other than minimum wage is slim. This could mean that she is almost living in poverty, and barely making it on her own. Let’s now consider that the father of the child is helping with the duties that come along with a baby. He would most likely be working minimum wage just trying to make ends meet.

Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay

What do the terms race and ethnicity mean to you? Why are these concepts important to United States society? Race is usually defined by the color of a person’s skin such as black, or white. These words are used very frequently. Ethnicity is a more proper way to define us as people and usually refers to our cultural background/ancestry. For example: Africans, African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. These concepts are important to the United States because of the diversity, and all walks of life, census plays a big role. Our ethnicity/race is what distinctively separates us from one another by groups. Also according to (Office Of Management and budget August 28,1995) In 1977, OMB issued the Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting that are set forth in Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. The standards in this Directive have been used for almost two decades throughout the Federal government for recordkeeping, collection, and presentation of data on race and Hispanic origin. The standards have been used in two decennial censuses and in surveys of the population, data collections necessary for meeting statutory requirements associated with civil rights monitoring and enforcement, and in other administrative program reporting. Data collection agencies have legislative authority to collect racial and ethnic data needed for Federal programs and in the case of the decennial census, for redistricting. They also use racial and ethnic data for analyses of social, economic, and health trends for population groups. Basically it is important for them to collect this info for federal, business, and statistical reasons. References: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_race-ethnicity

Masters Dissertation Writing Tips

Masters Dissertation Writing Tips Masters Dissertation Writing Tips There are several important tasks every student has to face during the process of studying, and writing a masters dissertation is one of them. The first thing worth mentioning about a dissertation is that it needs to be done well in order to get a masters degree. So, as you can see, we shouldnt underestimate all the responsibility of writing such kind of a task. Needless to say, that such a big responsibility makes you feel worried and tense all the time, even if you have enough time and there is no obvious reason for that. It seems like every student has fear for deadlines. Well, it is clear why: writing is a creative task and creativity shouldnt be limited by anything. On the other hand, even if you are pressed for time, you can write faster and cope with your tasks more effectively. Lets try to figure out how to do it right. The first step is choosing a topic you are interested in. You must be sure there is enough information to use for the topic you choose. Moreover, it should be relevant so that your teachers are also interested in what they are going to read. Try to look back at everything youve learned before and understand what particular topic was interesting for you. You may also choose something new, but be sure to consult your teacher to know whether it is suitable for your task. Your next step should be gathering all the necessary information before you will start writing. Once youve done that, make a plan in order to know the structure of a paper you are going to write. Take your notebook with you wherever you go because good ideas can come out of the blue. When you finally start writing, you should clearly see the outline of your paper. Do not put this stage off because you need to have enough time to edit and proofread your paper in the end. Keep in mind that you are writing an academic paper, so your language should be formal. No jargon or slang is accepted here. No matter how attentive you are while writing, you should look through your paper when you finish it to see whether there are any mistakes. Follow these tips and dissertation writing wont be a difficulty anymore. All the tips written above will work fine if you have enough time. Otherwise, you will need some help to cope with your task well. One of our experienced writers can help you out with your Masters dissertation. All you need to do is to place an order and tell our writer what kind of task you have and the deadline by which the task should be done. Save your time and effort and get the paper you need.

Free Essays on My September 11th

On September ninth I celebrated my twenty-third birthday, which wasn’t much as I had just moved into my new one bedroom apartment the week before. My new place was in D.U.M.B.O., Brooklyn, a very unique and eclectic neighborhood located at the base of the Brooklyn and Manhattan bridges, right down underneath the Manhattan bridge overpass (hence the acronym). One of the reasons that I loved this neighborhood so much (besides my fabulous new loft pad in an undercover community of amazing artists), was it’s prime location on the water front of the East River. A quick two block walk along the quiet cobble stone streets, then squeezing through the hole in the tattered fence that guards the empty lot over grown with weeds, and I was in heaven: my very own private spot on the water, where the most amazing pink, orange and blue sunsets occurred over the Brooklyn Bridge, the borough of Manhattan, and the Twin Towers. Little did I know that my semi-private sanctuary was about to become a constant visual reminder of the most dreadful day of my life. The events of September eleventh were about to unfold in front of everyone’s eyes, changing life as we knew it. I woke up that morning thinking it would be like any other. It was a sunny and beautiful yet unusually warm September day. I was running late, as usual, straining to hear the morning news in the living room while in the bath room preparing myself for the day. Not only was this one of the first mornings spent in my new apartment, but this Tuesday in particular marked the first week I had spent on my new job managing the business affairs for a photo stylist. As I had spent the past few years in dot com land, I was quite enthusiastic about my new endeavor. Tuesday, the eleventh, we were scheduled to be shooting a print ad for David’s Bridal. Suddenly, in the other room, I heard the news anchor say that a plane had hit one of the towers. Curious to see what was going on, I c... Free Essays on My September 11th Free Essays on My September 11th On September ninth I celebrated my twenty-third birthday, which wasn’t much as I had just moved into my new one bedroom apartment the week before. My new place was in D.U.M.B.O., Brooklyn, a very unique and eclectic neighborhood located at the base of the Brooklyn and Manhattan bridges, right down underneath the Manhattan bridge overpass (hence the acronym). One of the reasons that I loved this neighborhood so much (besides my fabulous new loft pad in an undercover community of amazing artists), was it’s prime location on the water front of the East River. A quick two block walk along the quiet cobble stone streets, then squeezing through the hole in the tattered fence that guards the empty lot over grown with weeds, and I was in heaven: my very own private spot on the water, where the most amazing pink, orange and blue sunsets occurred over the Brooklyn Bridge, the borough of Manhattan, and the Twin Towers. Little did I know that my semi-private sanctuary was about to become a constant visual reminder of the most dreadful day of my life. The events of September eleventh were about to unfold in front of everyone’s eyes, changing life as we knew it. I woke up that morning thinking it would be like any other. It was a sunny and beautiful yet unusually warm September day. I was running late, as usual, straining to hear the morning news in the living room while in the bath room preparing myself for the day. Not only was this one of the first mornings spent in my new apartment, but this Tuesday in particular marked the first week I had spent on my new job managing the business affairs for a photo stylist. As I had spent the past few years in dot com land, I was quite enthusiastic about my new endeavor. Tuesday, the eleventh, we were scheduled to be shooting a print ad for David’s Bridal. Suddenly, in the other room, I heard the news anchor say that a plane had hit one of the towers. Curious to see what was going on, I c...

Features of the Aircraft Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Features of the Aircraft Design - Essay Example Although composite materials weigh less than aluminum and have more corrosion resistance, which will lower maintenance, composite materials also have more failure characteristics in high-energy crashes (Langevin, 2003). Composite materials are brittle, and lack plasticity following an impact, so that a change in configuration may be needed in an aircraft design to ensure that crashworthiness criteria are met. There are load-limiting devices that can be implemented so that the loads transmitted to passengers during a crash will be minimized. The structural assembly can also be modified to decrease transmitted loads. Aircraft subfloor systems can be developed with high-strength materials that hold the passenger seats during impact, and also contain a crushable layer that will absorb energy. The crushable layer is most important in the vertical direction, for improving human tolerance of the impact. This subfloor platform will also distribute loads across the fuselage evenly. Energy absorbing seats are also effective at reducing loads transmitted to passengers. A comparison of two similar real-life crash events shows that energy absorbing seats and restraint systems can mean the difference between walking away and not surviving (Langevin, 2003). Another aspect of an aircraft design’s crashworthiness is its ditchability, or its ability to emergency land in water. There is usually a great loss of life in ditching however; statistics show a 60% survivability during ditching (Kebabjian, 2006) - some sources list a much higher survivability rate. Intentional ditching of commercial aircraft is rare and often occurs after fuel exhaustion; small aircraft ditching is much more common. As far as aircraft design considerations go, large underwing turbofans have been seen as having problematic ditchability ("Fall-back System...", 1999). In our aircraft design, engines mount above or on the wing, and there shouldn’t be the same ditchability problem.

Physics of Formula One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Physics of Formula One - Essay Example Enzo Ferrari the legend behind the name Ferrari had a passion for car racing which motivated him to come out with the brand name which is today a household name in the field of F1 races. It was in 1945 that the work started on designing and building the very first Ferrari, a project which was being prepared around 12-cylinder2 – a first in the history which went on to provide a direction to the car in general and car racing in particular. Ferrari was the first car to use 1.5 litre unit in a V12 configuration. Since then the company has not looked back. Ferrari, the car was the brain child of its founder Enzo Ferrari. The journey begins with the foundation of Scuderia, sort of a club, on 16th November 1929, exclusively for participating in motor-racing competitions. Enzo Ferrari an integral part of Alpha Romeo for many decades, parted ways in 1929. When Ferrari left the club, he was not allowed to have his name on any of the cars or clubs for the next four years. But his resolve and patience saw him through in his ventures and he started with an 8-cylinder, 1500 cc sports spider, named as 815. It was only in 1946 that the name Ferrari comes into being for cars. The company has not looked back since then. Thereafter came its association with Michael Schumacher in 1996, which further helped in establishing the brand equity called ‘Ferrari’. The F1 racing is now an integral part of Ferrari. In fact F1 racing has now become a big industry in itself. Such developments have started driving other car manufacturers as well int o the race and serious manufacturers like BMW have also started experimenting with the sporty driving. Though it may sound boring to people watching the racing on the tracks, its television clippings have started commanding huge premium. This potential was foreseen by Mr. Ecclestone of ‘Formula One Administration’, who produces the electronic feed being watched by over 40 billion viewers (The